Economy Situation In The USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Economy Situation In The USA - Essay Example The main problem looming around the economy of USA is that of a deteriorated trend in the economic growth rate. Noted economist Ragu Rajan revealed that it will be wiser for the national authorities to focus more upon long-term structural issues such as unemployment and income inequality. In addition, it will also be wise for the national administration to arrange for some vocational training for the national youth as well. In fact, it could easily be realized that unemployment is the reason behind a rising rate of income inequality in the nation. Observers researching this aspect have figured out certain areas which need to be emphasized upon by the national authorities while framing their respective fiscal policies.These measures have been described as follows. Firstly, it has been realized that the national population or rather the labor force is suffering from a lack of productivity which the reason why the creation of economic value in the nation has been poor. This is the reaso n why it has been stressed that the finance committee must lay some emphasis upon investing more and more funds for industrial innovation. The higher the incorporation of technology into the production process, lower will be the efforts that a labor needs to put for the production of a single unit; hence he will be left with more energy to produce excess units within the same time period. In fact, this is the method being followed up in Europe that concentrates upon a stable innovation path so as to stick to a stable economic growth.

The European Sovereign Debt Crisis Research Paper - 1

The European Sovereign Debt Crisis - Research Paper Example After a while, the deficit rate became enormous, thus leading to the rise of the sovereign debt crisis in the year 2009. Therefore, it is arguable to state that is the starting point of the European debt crisis. This paper will attempt to look at the causes and effects of the European debt crisis. How Greece became the origin and what other countries were affected by the situation. Finally, the current state of Europe after the debt crisis shall be analyzed. Greece had one of the fast growing economies and as a result had a massive deficit. As the global financial crisis came to pass, Greece was greatly affected. This was evident especially on the country’s largest industries (tourism and shipping industry). This led to lump sum spending to keep the economy going, but instead the sovereign debt increased with each passing day. With increased borrowing from the International Monetary Fund and the European Union, the Greek government was problem bound. Greece registered a debt of five hundred and forty billion dollars (Stein, 1). This is one hundred and twenty five percent of its Gross Domestic Product. Despite Greece making one or two mistakes, there were other factors that led to the crisis in Greece. External debts of Europeans states are at the center of the recent crises. In general, the debt crisis is associated with the budget deficits being in excess of the values provided by the Maastricht Treaty, and the Stability and Gro wth Pact (Ludwig Von Mises Institute, 1). These groups only focused on debt and deficit ratio ignoring external debts. Consequently, the laws governing the European Central Bank do not allow single investors and creditors to borrow government bonds in case of a crisis. Eventually, the debt crisis became alarming as the country decreased public benefits (Greece froze civil service salaries and in turn raised taxes and retirement

The beginning of my junior year in high school Essay Example for Free

The beginning of my junior year in high school Essay It was the beginning of my junior year in high school. I was just becoming accustomed to Knoxville, which I have called my new home since moving from Orlando, Florida my sophomore year in high school. I had been making friends and adjusting myself to this new environment, and now it finally felt like home. As I was settling in., I realized something; I didn’t know exactly whom I was or what I wanted to accomplish in life. I had my most important year of high school dawning upon me and no time to spare. In order to discover what i was interested in, I joined the National Honor Society at my school. I felt it was an appropriate way to contribute back to my community as well as explore new hobbies and meet great people along the way. During late September, I saw a great opportunity unfolding before my eyes. A local barbeque restaurant called Buddy’s Bar-B-Q was hosting a fundraising cancer awareness race around the Worlds Fair Park in downtown Knoxville. My father being a cancer doctor, this could not be turned down. When I arrived at the event, I saw an old man sitting alone on a bench, so I decided to join him. He saw my volunteer shirt and thanked me graciously. His name was Jim and he described how he recently lost his wife to breast cancer, and had no children or close relatives to help ease the situation. He asked why I decided to volunteer for this race, and I explained my journey through school and how my father happened to be a cancer doctor. Before the race started, Jim pulled me aside and told me to remember one thing in life, â€Å"No matter how bad you feel rejected and alone in life, there is always someone who can help† From that day on I did not think about Jim being an old wise man just shedding advice to somebody young, yet I saw him as a man who even though suffered the worst, still managed to live out all his life to the fullest. I realized that there is no way to map out the rest of my life; life is full of opportunities that have to be seized and experience can be taken from them. The University of Florida demonstrates a gateway to a world full of diversity and opportunity that I will successfully be able to grasp and take away great things from.

Weapons & Tools Depcited in Art :: essays research papers fc

Tools and Weapons in Art Since the dawn of mankind, humans have crafted tools to assist them in their daily lives. From the first rock thrown in anger, to the first tree branch used to dig, society’s relationship to tools and weapons has been represented in all of the visual arts. Throughout our textbook I have interpreted the recurring theme of tools and weapons in the arts. From the opening chapter we examine â€Å"Perseus Holding the Head of Medusa† Fig. 0.1 (Sporre 12). His relationship with his weapon appears both proud and protective as he positions his sword away from his body opposite it’s target – the head of Medusa. It almost seems as if Perseus has stepped in between a fight amongst two quarreling school children, holding his weapon aside as the innocent party and the head of Medusa as the instigator. And though this piece is anatomically from a distance, a closer look reveals many details were left out; nipples, eyebrows, etc. However, the handle of the sword seems to have an abundant of detail in the decoration. This indicates the artist put considerable thought into this weapons appearance. Later in chapter one, we are reminded that cavemen did not invent the wheel. In â€Å"Ashurnasirpal II killing lions† Fig. 1.6 (Sporre 37), the rendering of an early Sumerian chariot clearly highlights the magnificent tool as utilized for transportation. Note the fine lines, the intricate detail on the hub of the wheel, and even detail on the spokes. When taken as a whole, the wheel in this carving is more prominent than the people riding in the chariot. Again, in chapter two, we find another piece where the weapon ends up being the center of focus. It is difficult to tell if any one work of art intended for the weapons to figure so prominently, but collectively there is certainly a subconscious emphasis on them. In â€Å"The Pan Painter, Attic Red Figure Krater† Fig. 2.7 (Sporre 58) the weapon is clearly the focal point. The vast negative space contrasting with the thin, but balanced bow and arrow draw ones eye right to the area. Furthermore, the weapon in this particular vase painting is the impetus for the entire scene. Without the weapon, Artemis would not be shooting Actaeon. It is difficult to look at these weapons without noticing the great detail in both the weapon and its accessories. In this particular piece the artist went so far as to include a detailed arrow quiver complete with strap.

Choosing Among Two Aspirant in an Office Essay

During the work hunting days of the newly graduates and other professionals, there are lots of pressure and competition among the applicants in different offices or jobs that they are applying for. Let us take a closer look between these two candidates in an office, Obama and Hiliary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assuming that they are competing for a job in an office of personnel and communication of a corporation, Obama and Hiliary should meet the qualifications identified by the office as requisites before they could be accepted as staff. The office of personnel and communication is also commonly known as human resource department of a company. However, it scopes further networking and creation of press releases and other researches. It is very necessary for a person who is working in that particular department of the corporation to be socialized with different people, first and foremost, her co-workers. It is because in this job, staff will be meeting people from different walks of life. They are to deal and communicate with different networks. And since there could be loads of works in daily basis, one should be efficient enough to finish a one day job of paper works. Obama, is a graduate of a business related course three years ago in a one of the top universities in California. She graduated with honors and a very good scholastic background and affiliations. She has already three years experience from previous work in a non-government organization as training officer. She is very young at an age 23 going to 24. Hiliary, on the other hand, is of the same age of Obama. However, Hiliary graduated without any special commends but also from one of the top universities Los Angeles. She studied there also a business related course and took several extra short courses in psychology. After her graduation she works in a private company as personnel staff, and eventually, after consistent eight months of excellent work, she seats as the assistant head of human resource department of her previous company. And now, these two young ladies are candidates in an office as head of the personnel and communication of the corporation. There have been qualifications that are being specified a while ago. To choose among these two candidates, their educational background, credentials, and their personality could be tested and compared so as to choose the right person to fit the job. Obama, has a better scholastic standing and background as it shows by her honors and awards during her college education, than Hiliary, who graduated with her diploma only, taken into considerations that they both come from top universities in the world. However, Hiliary, as checked in her working experience and from the company where worked, it was found out that she had a very good social skills and was able to deal with top position people in the corporate world down to the most ordinary worker. She was promoted at the very early eight months of her work period as the assistant head of the human resource department. But Obama, was also found a very persevere and dedicated employee. In terms of their personality, both of the two could socialize and work well with different kind s of people. Since they are candidate in work of a head of the personnel and communication of a corporation, the one who deserves the position, must be acquainted enough and familiar enough with the nature of work. In case of Obama, she worked as training officer in her previous company. Meaning, that she could communicate and lead and guide other people in the company and outside the company. Both of the two have already endured the pressure of professional works. However, Hiliary has already her experience of working as assistant head of human resource department, which is very similar to the work that she is applying now.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In selecting for the right position holder in the corporation, these comparisons and contrast could be one of the bases that could be used. Works Cited â€Å"Ethical Office Politics.† Lifehack.org. (No Date). November 19, 2007

A formative analysis of securities within the financial market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1311 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Unexpected changes in money supply can be due to tax actions, changes in interest rates, changes in discount rates among other factors. Stock returns are generally positive or negative. In this essay, the motive is to find whether the statement, unexpected changes in money supply and stock returns are inversely related, holds ground or is not valid. To begin with, we will first look at the money supply process in brief and see which factors affect stock return. Post this we will confirm the empirical validity of this statement with the help of evidence available in the literature. The Money Supply Process Bodie, Kane, Marcus and Mohanty (2009, p.592) explain that the Government can manipulate the money supply through the use of fiscal and monetary policies. Fiscal policy refers to government spending and tax actions and is considered the most direct way to stimulate or slow the economy. Federal Reserve System (FED) determines the monetary policy which generally functions through its impact on interest rates. Short term interest rates decrease due to increase in money supply, ultimately encouraging investment and consumption demand. Over long periods, however, most economists believe a higher money supply leads to higher price levels. An example of monetary policy functioning through open market operations can be illustrated as below: *Note: Unlike us, the FED can pay for security without drawing down funds at a bank account From Bodie, Kane, Marcus and Mohanty (2009), we can narrow down the following factors related to money supply affect stock return: Inflation Interest rate (discount rate) Monetary growth Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A formative analysis of securities within the financial market" essay for you Create order Empirical Evidence Whether unexpected changes in money supply are positively or negatively related to stock returns seems to be a topic debated by many researchers. At one end where many international researchers have found a significant negative relationship (Bodie, 1976; Jaffe and Mandelker, 1976; Fama and Schwert, 1977; Amihud, 1996; Hu and Willett, 2000; Hagmann and Lenz, 2004), on the other hand a positive relationship is proved by quite a few researchers (Fama, 1981; Geske and Roll, 1983; Kaul, 1987; Zhao, 1999; Luintel and Paudyal, 2006). Effect of Discount Rate/ Interest rate on Stock return Chen et al. (1999) found that equity returns generally respond negatively and significantly to the unexpected announcements of discount rates. They reason this out by stating: A discount rate increase, ceteris paribus, decreases the expected future equity cash flows because firms must borrow at a higher cost. At the same time, the increase also raises the risk-free rate which, in turn, increases the required rate equity investors use to discount the future cash flows. As a result, an unexpected increase in market interest rates depresses equity prices, and, therefore, one would expect an unexpected change in the Federal Reserve discount rate to cause changes in equity prices. However, there have been contrasting views relating to the pre-1979 period. Research carried out by Smirlock and Yawitz (1985 cited in Thorbecke and Alami, 1994, p.14) have found that changes in the discount rate had no effect on the NYSE index over the pre-1979 period. Pearce and Roley (1985 cited in Thorbecke and Alami, 1994, p.14) did find that innovations in the weekly money supply announcements lowered stock prices during this period. A further research by Thorbecke and Alami (1994), over the September 1974 to September 1979 period, concludes that the Fed raising (lowering) the federal funds rate target caused stock prices to decline (increase) immediately. Effect of Inflation on stock re turn The rate at which general levels of prices rise is called inflation (Bodie, Kane, Marcus and Mohanty, 2009) According to the efficient market hypothesis, stock prices are a sign of all available public information; therefore, only the unexpected inflation rate, which contains new information, will influence stock returns at the time when the announcement is released (Joyce and Read, 2002). Consistent with the efficient market hypothesis, L. Li et al. (2010) found that the expected inflation rate has very little impact on stock returns while the unexpected inflation rate has a statistically significant and negative effect on stock returns. Amihud (1996) states The evidence that stock prices are affected by unexpected inflation seemed puzzling given that stocks are claims on income generated by real assets. But unexpected inflation indicates an economic shock, hence its effect depends on its source. Aggregate demand shocks should create positive correlation between th e resulting unexpected inflation and stock prices, whereas aggregate supply shocks should create negative correlation. The research on Israel concluded that inflation has a significant negative effect on stock prices. The effect of inflation on stock returns, in terms of time horizons is cited by Luintel and Paudyal (2006) in their research. They state, event studies, which look at the effects of inflation announcements on stock returns, report a negative relation between inflation and stock returns (e.g., Amihud 1996). Short-horizon studies that use monthly data covering what is typically 10 to 15 years also report either a negative or an insignificant relation between stock returns and inflation (e.g., Jaffe and Mandelker 1976). In contrast, long-horizon studies (e.g., Boudoukh, Richardson, and Whitelaw 1994) and studies that test for cointegration between stock and commodity price indexes (e.g., Ely and Robinson 1997) find a positive and significant relation between stock retu rns and inflation. Effect of monetary growth on stock returns Paudyal (1990) points out that money growth and stock returns are inversely related. Pearce and Roley (1983) shed more light on this topic. They infer that first, stock prices respond only to the unanticipated change in the money supply as predicted by the efficient markets hypothesis. Second, an unanticipated increase in the announced money supply depresses stock prices while an unanticipated decrease elevates stock prices. Third, the stock price response does not depend on the relationship of the money supply to the long-run ranges of the Federal Reserve. Using weekly data 1977-1982, they estimated the following model, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Pt= a + b (ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Mat ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Met) + ÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µt Where ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Pt is the percentage change in the stock price, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Mat is the announced change in the money stock, and ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Met is the expected change in the money stock. They estimated the model for three sub-periods and obtained a negative estimate of b parameter in each sub-period. Conclusion As stated earlier, unexpected changes in money supply can be due to tax actions, changes in interest rates, changes in discount rates among other factors. Stock returns are generally positive or negative. In this essay, I initially explained the money supply process. Next, we studied some empirical evidence to check if unexpected changes in money supply had an inverse effect on stock return or not. Although few results did state the otherwise, most results showed that factors which affect money supply did have an inverse effect on stock returns. In conclusion we can further look at a few more precise points made in certain research papers. Chen et al. (1999) find that few equity returns respond negatively and significantly to the unexpect ed announcements of discount rate changes, while the expected changes generally have no bearing on the equity returns. On average, stock returns change by 0.5% for every 10 basis point change in the discount rate. Equity returns measured by the Dow Jones industrial index respond rather rapidly to the unexpected announcement of discount rate changes. Within the trading period/hour after the information is released, the market impounds the information. Hardouvelis (1987) has discussed, a higher real interest rate would reduce stock prices because firstly it would curtail real activity and hence earnings and secondly it would increase the discount rate at which those earnings were discounted. L. Li et al. (2010) determine that 1 day returns of the FTA fall by 0.17% in response to an increase in the unexpected inflation rate of 1% on the announcement day. Therefore, an unexpected increase in the inflation rate is considered bad news for the stock market since this leads to a reduc tion in stock prices. Thus through the empirical evidence we have assessed, we can infer that the statement unexpected changes in money supply and stock returns are inversely related, holds ground to a respectable extent.

How Is Diego the Spanish Name for James

What sense does it make that Diego is the Spanish equivalent of the name James? That Robert is the same as Roberto in Spanish makes sense, as does Marà ­a being Mary. But Diego and James dont seem at all alike. Names Diego and James Trace Back to Hebrew The short explanation is that languages change over time, and if we trace the names of Diego and James as far back as we can, we end up with the Hebrew name of Yaakov back into the days well before the Common or Christian Era. That name changed in several directions before arriving into the modern Spanish and English equivalents. In fact, both Spanish and English have several variations of that old Hebrew name, of which James and Diego are the most common, so technically there are several ways you could translate those names from one language to another. As you might be able to guess if youre familiar with the characters of the Bible, Yaakov was the name given to a grandson of Abraham, a name given in modern English and Spanish Bibles as Jacob. That name itself has an interesting origin: Yaakov, which may have meant may he protect (he referring to Yahweh, the God of Israel), appears to be a word play on the Hebrew for heel. According to the book of Genesis, Jacob was holding the heel of his twin brother Esau when the two were born. The name Yaacov became Iakobos in Greek. If you keep in mind that in some languages the sounds of b and v are similar (in modern Spanish theyre identical), the Hebrew and Greek versions of the name are close to identical. By the time the Greek Iakobos became Latin it had turned into Iacobus and then Iacomus. The big change came as some varieties of Latin morphed into French, where Iacomus was shortened to Gemmes. The English James is derived from that French version. The etymological change in Spanish is not as well understood, and authorities differ on the details. What appears likely was that the Iacomus became shortened to Iaco and then Iago. Some authorities say that Iago became lengthened to Tiago and then Diego. Others say the phrase Sant Iaco (sant is an old form of saint) turned into Santiago, which was then improperly divided by some speakers into San Tiago, leaving the name of Tiago, which morphed into Diego. On the other hand, some authorities say that the Spanish name Diego was derived from the Latin name Didacus, meaning instructed. The Latin Didacus in turn came from the Greek didache, which is related to a few English words such as didactic. If those authorities are correct, the similarity between Santiago and San Diego is a matter of coincidence, not etymology. There are also authorities who combine theories, saying that while Diego was derived from the old Hebrew name, it was influenced by Didacus. Other Variations of the Names In any case, Santiago is recognized as a name of its own today, and the New Testament book known as James in English goes according to the name of Santiago in Spanish.That same book is known today as Jacques in French and Jakobus in German, making the etymological link to the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible name more clear. So while it can be said (depending on which theory you believe) that Diego can be translated to English as James, it can also be seen as the equivalent of Jacob, Jake, and Jim. And in reverse, James can be translated to Spanish not only as Diego, but also as Iago, Jacobo, and Santiago. Also, these days it isnt unusual for the Spanish name Jaime to be used as a translation of James. Jaime is a name of Iberian origin that various sources indicate is connected with James, although its etymology is unclear. Among the famous people named Diego are Diego Velà ¡zquez, a 17th-century Spanish painter; Diego Martà ­n, a Spanish actor; former Argentine soccer player Diego Maradona; Diego Rivera, a 20th-century Mexican artist; Mexican actor Diego Luna; Mexican actor Diego Boneta; and 16th-century Jesuit priest Diego Laynez. Key Takeaways A common explanation of the origin of the Spanish name Diego is that it is derived from the Hebrew name Yaacov, which is also the source of English names including Jacob and James.An alternative theory is that Diego came indirectly from the Greek didache, whose meaning is related to learning.